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Accounting teams managing 20+ vendors lose 25 hours monthly searching for invoices scattered across email, shared drives, and accounting software. Without standardized filing, staff create duplicate folders (OfficeSupplies, Office_Supplies, Office-Depot), use random naming (scan001.pdf, invoice.pdf, Tuesday-receipt.pdf), and store files unpredictably. Impacts compound: duplicate payments when invoices can't be located during AP runs, missed early payment discounts (2/10 net 30 terms) because invoices buried in inbox, audit failures when tax authority requests 7-year vendor history and team can't produce complete records in required 30-day window. Systematic organization eliminates chaos. Unified folder structure (/Invoices/[Year]/[Vendor]/[Period]/), consistent naming (Vendor_InvNum_Date.pdf), documented retention policy (7 years active + 3 years archive). Teams processing 200+ invoices monthly recover 20-25 hours—equivalent to 3 full workdays—through sub-2-minute invoice retrieval versus 15-minute searching.
Vendor-first: /2024/VendorName/Period/. Supports vendor spending analysis (sum all OfficeDepot invoices for RFP negotiations) while maintaining chronological order within vendor folders. Date-first (/2024/March/all-vendors/) makes vendor review painful—requires opening 12 folders to see annual spending per supplier. Exception: if your primary workflow is period-close reconciliation (matching all invoices received in March regardless of vendor), reverse to date-first. Most AP teams prioritize vendor analysis, so vendor-first wins.
Convert all to searchable PDF, store identically regardless of source. Paper invoices: scan 300 DPI with OCR enabled (makes text searchable), rename to standard format. Portal downloads: already PDF typically, just rename. Email body invoices (HTML, no attachment): print to PDF via browser File→Print→Save as PDF, prefix filename with 'EmailInvoice_'. Physical mail: if you receive 50+ paper invoices monthly, invest in scanner with auto-feeder and built-in OCR (Fujitsu ScanSnap, $300-500)—reduces scan time from 2min/invoice to 20sec/invoice. Consistency in final PDF format matters more than source format—enables search, merge, long-term readability.
Add entity tier above vendor if divisions have separate P&Ls: /Invoices/[Entity]/[Year]/[Vendor]/. Example: /Invoices/DivisionEast/2024/OfficeDepot/ and /Invoices/DivisionWest/2024/OfficeDepot/. Alternative: single vendor folder with division in filename—OfficeDepot_East_INV-1234.pdf—if you need consolidated vendor view. Choose based on accounting structure: separate folders for divisional reporting, filename tags for centralized AP with allocation codes. Hybrid approach: folders by entity, quarterly merged PDFs combining all entities per vendor for enterprise-wide spending review.
Keep current + 1 prior year on active drives (fast access for 95% of queries). Archive years 2-7 to external drive or cloud—slower but acceptable for rare audit requests. Delete year 8+ after retention period expires (verify with tax advisor—some industries require 10+ years). Practical example: In 2024, active folders contain 2024 and 2023. Archive folders: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 (7 total years). January 2025: move 2017 to 'Destroy-2026' folder pending final approval. This balances fast daily access with compliance and storage costs (1TB active drive vs 5TB archive).
Supplement, never replace. Keep originals in /Period/ folders for: dispute resolution (vendor claims non-payment, you send them their exact invoice), selective sharing (forward single invoice to approver without exposing entire vendor history), system flexibility (if filing structure changes, you have granular files to reorganize). Merged packets in /Archive/ serve specific purposes: auditor review (one file vs 200), tax preparation (CPA needs proof of deductions), long-term storage (archive to tape/cloud more efficiently). Hybrid approach costs minimal storage (PDFs compress well) but provides maximum flexibility.
Store in same vendor/period folder as regular invoices but prefix filename: CreditMemo_VendorName_CMNumber_Date.pdf. Keeps all financial documents from vendor together for reconciliation. Alternative: create parallel /CreditMemos/ subfolder if volume high (20+ credit memos/month per vendor). Never mix credit memos with invoices in merged packets—creates confusion during audit when trying to reconcile totals. For adjustments to previous periods, store in original period folder with note in filename: OfficeDepot_INV-1234_2023-11-15_Adjusted-2024-03.pdf—maintains chronological integrity while flagging subsequent changes.
Replace special characters with underscore: invoice# '2024/03-A' becomes '2024_03_A'. Remove spaces: 'INV 1234' becomes 'INV1234'. Keep alphanumeric + underscore + hyphen only—ensures compatibility with all operating systems (Windows, Mac, Linux, cloud storage). Examples: 'Order #5678-A/B' → 'Order_5678_A_B', 'Invoice (March)' → 'Invoice_March'. Document these translations in vendor master spreadsheet—prevents each AP staff member creating different variations. For extreme cases (vendor uses emojis or foreign characters), assign sequential internal reference number: VendorName_Internal-001_2024-03-15.pdf with mapping table linking to vendor's original reference.
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